Analysis of recall bias of information on soccer injuries in adolescents

Abstract Aims: to analyze the recall bias of injury characteristics, anthropometric variables, and training variables in a morbidity survey in adolescent soccer players for a period of four months. Method: cohort study with 198 adolescent male soccer players, divided into two parts: a prospective study over four months, followed by a retrospective study. A morbidity survey containing personal and training data, in addition to information on injuries and their characteristics (anatomical site, mechanism, nature, moment, severity, return to activities and recurrence) was administered weekly for four months, after which the questionnaire was applied again questioning the same information retrospectively for the four-month prospective study period. The data were collected through interviews addressing the occurrence of injuries and respective characteristics. Results: there were weak correlations and concordances for the recall of the occurrence of injury and all related variables. However, regarding the information relating to personal and training data, moderate correlations were observed for the variables height, time of training, weekly hours, absences, and position, as well as excellent correlations for body mass. Conclusions: we observed recall bias in all information about the characteristics of the injuries reported by adolescent soccer players.

Resposta aguda de variáveis clínicas e funcionais em exercício máximo de contração concêntrica versus excêntrica / Acute response of clinical and functional variables in maximal exercise from contraction concentric versus eccentric / Respuesta aguda de las variables clínicas y funcionales de la contracción concéntrica máxima de ejercicio en comparación con excéntrica

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar as respostas agudas de variáveis clínicas e funcionais, após uma sessão de exercício de força máxima de contração concêntrica versus excêntrica. Foram avaliados 46 indivíduos do sexo masculino, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, conforme o tipo de exercício. Na comparação entre os grupos não houve diferenças significativas. Porém, na análise de cada grupo observou-se aumento da sensação de dor (EVA) e da percepção de esforço (escala de Borg) e incrementos nas medidas da circunferência da coxa (grupo excêntrico: 10% [p<0,001], 20% [p<0,001] e 30% [p<0,05]; grupo concêntrico: 40% [p<0,01]). Para o algômetro, apenas o grupo concêntrico apresentou menor limiar (p<0,01). Pode-se inferir que estímulos controlados até 100% não são agressivos e limitantes e futuros estudos podem incluir análises de marcadores de lesão.

The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the acute responses of clinical and functional variables after a maximum force exercise of eccentric versus concentric contraction. We evaluated 46 male subjects were randomly divided into two groups according to the type of exercise. Comparing the groups no significant differences, but the analysis of each group, there was an increased sensation of pain (VAS), perceived exertion (Borg scale) and increases in measures of thigh circumference (eccentric group: 10% (p<0.001) 20% (p<0.001) 30% (p<0.05) and concentric to the group: measured with 40% p<0.01) for the algometer, only concentric group showed lower threshold (p<0.01). It can be inferred that stimuli controlled up to 100% are not aggressive and limiting, and future studies may include analysis of injury markers.

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar y comparar las respuestas agudas de las variables clínica y funcional después de un ejercicio de fuerza máxima de contracción excéntrica frente concéntrica. Se evaluaron 46 sujetos masculinos, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos, de acuerdo con el tipo de ejercicio. La comparación de los grupos no hubo diferencias significativas, pero el análisis de cada grupo, se produjo un aumento de la sensación de dolor (VAS), el esfuerzo percibido (escala de Borg) y el aumento de las medidas de la circunferencia del muslo (grupo excéntrico: 10% (p<0,001) 20% (p<0,001) 30% (p<0,05) y concéntrico con el grupo: medido con 40% p<0,01) para algómetro, sólo el grupo concéntrico tuvo umbral inferior (p<0,01). Se puede inferir que los estímulos controlados hasta el 100% no son agresivos y limitante, y los estudios futuros pueden incluir análisis de marcadores de lesión.